See schonten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "shunt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "*sċunettan"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċunettan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schonen",
"3": "-ten",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix",
"t1": "to avoid, fear"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, schonen (“to avoid, fear”) + -ten (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "*schunden"
},
"expansion": "*schunden",
"name": "from"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċyndan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċyndan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skundijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skundijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skundijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skundijaną (“to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear; multiple possibilities exist:\n* From unrecorded Old English *sċunettan, a derivative of sċunian (“to avoid, fear”); thus, by surface analysis, schonen (“to avoid, fear”) + -ten (frequentative suffix).\n* A back-formation from the past forms of schonen, with (West Midland) dialectal final devoicing.\n* An alteration of *schunden, *schynden, from Old English sċyndan, sċendan (“to hasten, hurry”) (as in āsċyndan (“to remove, take away”), from Proto-West Germanic *skundijan, from Proto-Germanic *skundijaną (“to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "schonteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schontende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schontynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "schonten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to schonten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schontede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schontest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schontest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schontedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schonteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schontede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schontede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schonten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schonten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schonteden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schontede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schonteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schontynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schontende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schount",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schunt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shontt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shunt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "schonten",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "schont"
},
"expansion": "schonten (third-person singular simple present schonteth, present participle schontende, schontynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle schonted)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "schont",
"c": "te",
"c2": "ede",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 20 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dodge, evade, or escape; to suddenly avoid."
],
"id": "en-schonten-enm-verb-~TW2i~QW",
"links": [
[
"dodge",
"dodge"
],
[
"evade",
"evade"
],
[
"escape",
"escape"
],
[
"suddenly",
"suddenly"
],
[
"avoid",
"avoid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, especially Late Middle English) To dodge, evade, or escape; to suddenly avoid."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 20 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To start, swerve, or jerk; to suddenly move."
],
"id": "en-schonten-enm-verb-z8yP-UwD",
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"swerve",
"swerve"
],
[
"jerk",
"jerk"
],
[
"suddenly",
"suddenly"
],
[
"move",
"move"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, especially Late Middle English) To start, swerve, or jerk; to suddenly move."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃuntən/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"final devoicing"
],
"word": "schonten"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Gaits"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "shunt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "*sċunettan"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċunettan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schonen",
"3": "-ten",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix",
"t1": "to avoid, fear"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, schonen (“to avoid, fear”) + -ten (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "*schunden"
},
"expansion": "*schunden",
"name": "from"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċyndan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċyndan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skundijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skundijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skundijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skundijaną (“to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear; multiple possibilities exist:\n* From unrecorded Old English *sċunettan, a derivative of sċunian (“to avoid, fear”); thus, by surface analysis, schonen (“to avoid, fear”) + -ten (frequentative suffix).\n* A back-formation from the past forms of schonen, with (West Midland) dialectal final devoicing.\n* An alteration of *schunden, *schynden, from Old English sċyndan, sċendan (“to hasten, hurry”) (as in āsċyndan (“to remove, take away”), from Proto-West Germanic *skundijan, from Proto-Germanic *skundijaną (“to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "schonteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schontende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schontynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "schonten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to schonten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schontede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schontest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schontest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schontedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schonteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schontede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schontede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schonten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schonten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schonteden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schontede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schonteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schontynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schontende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schonted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schonte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schount",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schunt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shontt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shunt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "schonten",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "schont"
},
"expansion": "schonten (third-person singular simple present schonteth, present participle schontende, schontynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle schonted)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "schont",
"c": "te",
"c2": "ede",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"To dodge, evade, or escape; to suddenly avoid."
],
"links": [
[
"dodge",
"dodge"
],
[
"evade",
"evade"
],
[
"escape",
"escape"
],
[
"suddenly",
"suddenly"
],
[
"avoid",
"avoid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, especially Late Middle English) To dodge, evade, or escape; to suddenly avoid."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"To start, swerve, or jerk; to suddenly move."
],
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"swerve",
"swerve"
],
[
"jerk",
"jerk"
],
[
"suddenly",
"suddenly"
],
[
"move",
"move"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, especially Late Middle English) To start, swerve, or jerk; to suddenly move."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃuntən/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"final devoicing"
],
"word": "schonten"
}
Download raw JSONL data for schonten meaning in Middle English (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.